History of Computer

Computer was invented because
" necessity id the mother of invention".
Man always searched for a fast calculating device. It look a long time to invent the digital computer. A brief history behind in the invention of the computer.

Abacus:
             Abacus was the first computing device. It developed 5000 years ago. It wasvuse to perform simple addition and subtraction. Abacus was a wooden rack. It contained horizontal wire's with beads strung on them. The beads could move easily. All simple arithmetic calculations were performed by moving these beads according to programming rules.

John Napier's Bone : 
       John Napier was a Scottish mathematics. He created logarithm tables to facilitate calculations. He also created a device known as  Napier's Bones. 
              The device was widely used by accountants and bookkeepers.

          The concept of logarithm was used to develop Slide rule. The modern slide rule could be Used to perform arithmetic calculations. It was also used to calculate squares, square roots, logs, sine and cosine etc. The slide rule was used till middle 70's.

Blaise Pascal:/
           Blaise Pascal Was a French mathematician. He invented to mechanical adding machine in 1642 know as Pascline Calculator. The machine contained different Metal wheels. Each wheels displayed the digit 0 to 9. It could only add and subtract number. Division and multiplication were performed by the repeated addition and subtraction. It was no commercial success because it could not provide.sufficient precision for practical use.

Von Leibnitz:
          Von Leibnitz was a Germany scientist. He developed a calculating machine in 1694.it was the First calculator that could multiply and devide also. It was similar to pascal's calculator but it was more reliable and accurate.

Charles Xavier:
        A French scientist Charles Xavier developed a machine that could perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Punched Board: 
            A French Engineer Joseph developed the the punchboard system for power items. It was used to create specific weaving patterns on cloths. Later on, the System was used in computing devices.

          
     Charles Babbage: 
               In 1822, a mathematician Charles Babbage invented a difference engine for mathematical calculations.

 In 1842, he developed the Analytical Engine that was automatic. The engine could perform 60 additions per minute.
  

Herman Hollirith:

In 1889, Herman applied the idea of punchboard in computer. He used pubch board cards in computers fir input and output.

Atansoff:

Atansoff was a professor at Lowa university. He invented an Electronic Computer. He applied Boolean algebra to Computer Circuitry.

George Boole: 

 George Boole  simplified binary system of algebra. His rules states that any mathematical equation can be stated simply as either true or false.

The Mark I Computer(1937-44)

It is also known as Automatic sequence Controlled. It was first fully automatic calculating machine. It was designed by Howard A. Aiken of Harvard university.

It was very reliable but huge in size.

The ENIAC (1943-46)

ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator Calculator. It was invented by J. P

Eckert and john Mauchly in 1946. 

It was theinvented first electronic computer. It was very heavy and large size. It consumed 140 kilo qatts of power. It could perform 5000 additions per second.

Advantages and disadvantages of Computers

Society has reaped many benefits from using computer. A user is anyone who communicates with a computer or utilize the information it generates. Both business and home users can make well informed decision because they have instant access to information from ananywhere in the world. Students, another type of user, have more tools to assist them in the learning process..

Advantages of using computers:

Benefits from using computer are possible because computers have the advantage of speed, reliability, consistency,storage, and communications.

• Speed.when data , instructions and information flow along electronic circuit in a computer,they travel at incredibly fast speeds. Many computer PROCESSES billions or trillions of operations in a single second. Processing involves computing ( adding, substracti,etc) sorting (e.g., alphabetinzing), organizing, displaying, images, recoding audio, playing music, and showing a movie or video.
• Reliability: The electronic components in the modern computers are dependable and reliable because they rarely break lr fail.
• Consistency: Given the same input and PROCESSES, a computer will produce the result --- consistency . A Computer phrase----- known as garbage in , garbage out---points outthe accuracy of a Computer output depends on the accuracy for the input. For example: if you do not use the flash on a digital camera when indoors, the resulting pictures that are displayed on the computer screen may be unusable because they are to dark.
• Storage: A Computer can transfer data quickly from storage to memory, process it, and store it again for future use. Many computer can store enormous amounts of data and make this data valuable for processing anytime it is needed.

Communication: most computer today can communicate with other computer, often wirelessly. Computers with this capability can share any of the four information processing cycle operations---- input, process, output, and storage---- with another computer or user.

Disadvantages of using Computers:
    Some advantage of Computers relate to health risk, the volition of privacy, public safety, the impact on the labor force, and the impact on the environment.

• Health Risks: Prolonged or improper computer can used lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists, elbows,eye's, neck, and back.
• Computer users can protect themselves from these health risks throw proper work place, design, good posture while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Two behavioral health risks are computer addition and technology overload. Computer addition occurs when sone become obsessed with using a computer. Individual suffering from technology overload feel distressed when deprived of Computers and Mobil devices. 

• Once organized, both computer addition and technology overload are treatable disorders. 

What are the Storage Devices of Computer?

Storage Devices:

   Storage holds data, instructions, and information for future use.
 
For Example:
       .... ..          computer can store hundreds or million of customer names and addresses. Storage hold these items permanently.
     
           A Computer keep data, instructions, and information on storage mede.
  Example,:
 

USB Flash Drive:
 
              Storage media are USB flash drive
Hard disk or optimal diskand memory cards.
   A USB Flash Drive is a protable storage device that is small and light weight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket.
   The average USB  flash drive  can hold about 4 Billion Characters. You plug a USB flash drive in a special , easily accessible opening on the computer.

  A storage device records ( write) and /or retrieve ( reads) items to and from storage media.
   Drives and readers/writers, which are type of storage devices.

  For Example :

 
a DVD drive ( storage device)
         Accepts as a DVD( storage media). Storage Devices often function as a source of input because they transfer ITEM from a storage to memory.

 

A hard disk:
        A hard disk provides mu greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive. The average hard disk hold more than 320 Billion Characters. Hard disks are enclosed in a airtight, sealed case. Although some are portable , most are housed inside the System Unit.
Portable hard disk are either external or removable. An External hard disk os a separate, free standing unit, whereas you insert and remove a removable hard disk from the computer or a device connected to the computer.
   
       An optical disk is a flat, round, portable metal disk with a plastic coating.

CDs, DVDs, and BLue-ray Discs, are three types of optical discs. A CD can hold from 650 Billion to 1  Billion Characters.
    Some DVDs can store two Full-length movies or 17 Billion Characters ,

Blue-ray Discs:
    Blue ray dics can store about 46 hours of standard video, or 100 Billion Characters.


Some mobile devices such as digital camera, use memory cards as the storage media.


     ..you can use a card reader/ writer to transfer the stored items, such as digital photos, from the memory card to a computer or printer.

Communication Devices: 
       
            A communication device is a hardware component that enables to send ( transmit) and receive data, instructions, and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices.
           A widely used communications devices is a "Modem".
 Communications occur over cables, telephone line's, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media.
   Some transmission media, such as satellites and cellular radio networks, are wireless, which means they har no physical line's or wire's.

What is the System Unit of a Computer ?

System Unit:
      The system unit is a case that contains the electronic components of the computer chat are used to process data.

     The circuitry of the System Unit usually is part of or connected to a circuit board called mother board.
   The main components on the motherboard are the process and memory. The process also called a CPU( central processing unit), is the electronic component that interprets and carriers out the basic instructions that operate the computer.
   
     Memory consist of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be excused and data needed by those instructions.
     
    Although some form of memory keeps data and instructions temporarily, which means its contents are erased when the computer is switch off.
 
   " Common Computer hardware"

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Microphone
• Scanner
• Web cam
• Printer
• Monitor
• Speakers
• System Unit
• Hard disk
• Optical disk device
• USB flash drive
• Card reader/writer
• Memory cards 
• Modem.

 
  

What are the Components of Computer?

A Computers contain many electronic, electric,and mechanical components known as hardware.
These components include input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communications devices.

Input Devices:
   An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer. Five widely use input devices are the keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and Web cam.

Keyboard:
     A Computer keyboard contain key's you press to enter data into computer. For security Purposes, some keyboards include a fingerprint reader, wich allows you to work with the computer only if you fingerprint is recognized.

A Mouse:     
      A mouse is a small handle device
With the mouse , you control movement of athe small symbol on the screen, called the pointer, and YOU make selections from the screen.

A Microphone:
         A microphone allows you to speak into the computer.

A scanner converts printed material (such as text and pictures) into a form the computer can use.

A web Cam:
A web cam is a digital video camera that allows you to create movie's to take pictures and store them on the computer instead of on  tape or film.


Output Devices:
            An output device is any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people. Three commonly used output devices are a printer, a monitor, and speakers .

     
Printer:
      A printer produce text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper.

Monitor:
     A monitor display text, graphics, and videos on a screen.

Speakers:
       Speakers allows you to hear music, voice, and other audio ( Sounds).
  

What is a Computer?

A Computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored In its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the result fir future.

Data and Information:

     Computers process data into information.

Data is a collection of a unprocessed items, which an include text, numbers, images, audio, and video. 

Information conveys meaning and is useful to peo.

       Many daily activities either involve the use of or depend on information from a computer. Computers process several data items to print information in thr form of a cash register receipt.

    

                  DATA

2 medium sodas          $1.49 each

1 small Turkey sub     $4.49 each

1 Caesar salad              $4.49 each

1 bag of chips               $0.99 each

3 cookies                       $0.39 each

Amount received                $20.00

                    PROCESSES

• Computers each items total price by multiplying the quantity ordered by the item price (I.e., 2 *  1.49=2.98).
• Organizes data.
• Sums all item total prices to determine ordered total due from customer (13.12).

Calculates change due to customer by subtracting the order total from amount received  (20.00 - 13.12=6.88).

             INFORMATION

               Arrow Deli 

            10 Park street

      Maple River, DE 20393

            (734) 555-2939

QTY   ITEM                                       TOTAL

  2      Medium sodas                         2.98

  1      Small Turkey sub                   3.49

  1      Caesar Salad                            4.49

  1      Bag of Chips                             0.99

  3      Cookies                                     1.17

     Total Due                                   13.12

     Amount Received                    20.00

     Change                                         6.88

                    THANK YOU!

A Computers proceses data into information. In this specified example , the item ordered, item price, quantity ordered, and amount received all represent data. The computer PROCESSES the data to produce the cash register receipt ( information).

Information Processing Cycle:

    

     Computers process data(input) into information ( output). Computers carry out processes using instructions, which are the steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task. A collection of related instructions organized for a commen purpose is referred to as soft. A Computer often holds data, into information and instructions on storage for future use. Some people refer to the series of input, process, output and storage activities as the information processing cycle.

      Most Computers today communicate witch other computer.

As  result communications also has become an essential element of the information processing cycle.

Thank you! For  views, hope you understand and learned from above article.

What are the use of Computers

• Schools
• Home
• Entertainment
• Information
• Chatting on social media
• Stock exchange 
• Marketing
• Use of Computer in business
• Online examination
• 
  

Computers are everywhere: at work,at school and at home.
As shown in :
People use all types and size of Computers for variety of reasons and in a range of places. While some computer sit on the top of the desk or on the floor, mobile computer and mobile devices are small enough to carry.
Mobile devices such as smartphones, often as classified as computers.
Computers are primary means of local and global communication of billions of people.
Consumers are comput business,  are correspond, employees with employees and customers, student with classmates and teachers, and family members  and military personnel with friends and other family members.
In addition to sending simple notes, people use computers to share photos, drawing documents,calendars, journals, music, and videos.
Through computers, society has instant access to information from around the globe.
Local and national news, weather's reporters, and sports score, airlines schedules, telephone directories maps and directions, job listings, credit reports,
And countless form of educational materials always are inaccessible.
From tbe Computer , you can make a telephone call, meet new friends, share opinion life stories, blok flights, shop, fill prescription, file taxes, take a Course, recive alerts, and automate your home.
At home alor while on the road, people's use computers to manage schedules l and contacts, balance checkbooks, pay bils,
Transfer Funds.
And buy or sell stocks.
Bank place ATM's ( automated teller machine) all over the world, so that's customers deposit with draw funds anywhere and anytime.
At the grocery store, a computer track purchase , calculate amounts lf money due, and often generates coupons customized to buying patterns.
Vehicles include onboard navigation system that provide directions, call for emergency services, and track the vehicle if it is stolen.
In the work place , employees use computers to create correspondence such as e-mail massages, memes, and letters; and generate invoices.
At school teachers use computers to assist with classroom instruction.
Students complete assignments anx conduct research on computer in lab rooms, at home are elsewhere, instead of attendance class on campur, some student take entire classes directly from computers.
People's also s spend hOur's of leisure time using a computer.
They play game's, listen to music  or radio broadcast, watch or compose videos and movie's, read bolks and's magazine, share stories, research genealogy , retouch photos, and plan vacations.
As technology continue to advance computer hase become a part of daily life.
Thus many people believe that computer latrecy is vital to Success in today's life world.
Computers  Literacy,
Also know as digital literacy l, involves having a current knowledge and understanding of Computers and their uses.
Because yhe requirements that determine computers literacy change as technology changes, you must keep up with these change to remain computer literate.
This article presents to knowledge you need to become literate today'.
As you read this First article, keep in mind it is and overview many of the terms and concepts intoduce in this BLOG will be discussed in more depth later in the BLOG.
Thanks for your time to visit.